This section needs additional citations for verification. Anterior tibial stress fractures elicit focal tenderness on the anterior tibial crest, while posterior medial stress fractures can be tender at the posterior tibial border. Pressure applied to the bone may reproduce symptoms and reveal crepitus in well-developed stress fractures. There is usually an area of localized tenderness on or near the bone and generalized swelling in the area. If pain is constantly present it may indicate a more serious bone injury. In cases of fibular stress fractures, pain occurs proximal to the lateral malleolus, that increases with activity and subsides with rest. Symptoms usually have a gradual onset, with complaints that include isolated pain along the shaft of the bone and during activity, decreased muscular strength and cramping. Stress fractures are typically discovered after a rapid increase in exercise. Treatment usually consists of rest followed by a gradual return to exercise over a period of months. Less common are stress fractures to the femur, pelvis, and sacrum. Stress fractures most frequently occur in weight-bearing bones of the lower extremities, such as the tibia and fibula (bones of the lower leg), metatarsal and navicular bones (bones of the foot). Stress fractures of the foot are sometimes called " march fractures" because of the injury's prevalence among heavily marching soldiers. Stress fractures can be described as small cracks in the bone, or hairline fractures. Because of this mechanism, stress fractures are common overuse injuries in athletes. Instead of resulting from a single severe impact, stress fractures are the result of accumulated injury from repeated submaximal loading, such as running or jumping. Stress fracture of the second metatarsal bone (below the knuckles of the second toe)Ī stress fracture is a fatigue-induced bone fracture caused by repeated stress over time. Hairline fracture, fissure fracture, march fracture, spontaneous fracture, fatigue fracture
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